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2019屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)----英語省略句!

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高考英語省略句

在英語中，為了使句子簡潔明快，突出重點(diǎn)，常用"省略句"，只要不影響句意的表達(dá)，能省略的成分盡可能省略。省略現(xiàn)象隨處可見,大致可分為以下幾種情況。

1. 省略主語。如:
Haven"t seen you for ages!好久不見了!

2.省略謂語。如：
(Is there) Anything you want? 你要什么東西嗎?
(Does) Anybody need help? 有人要幫忙嗎?

3. 省略賓語。如：
I don‘t know (where he is ). 我不知道。

4.省略主語和謂語（或謂語的一部分），只剩下表語、賓語、狀語或其它成分。如：
(I"m) Afraid I can"t come. 恐怕我不能來了。
(Have you) Got any ink? 你有墨水嗎?

【高考鏈接】－It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
－_________her this weekend?
A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit

解析：答案為A。本題考察省略結(jié)構(gòu)，這里why not visit =Why didn’t you visit ，這種既注重基礎(chǔ)又兼顧生活交際的試題，其實(shí)多數(shù)學(xué)生感覺很容易能得出正確的A答案。

1.在含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句中
由when，while，as, once，whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；或由if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由though，although，even if ，even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由as though，as if，as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；由wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，若從句的主句是it或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有be時(shí)，常省略從句的主語和be。

When (she was) asked , she didn’t answer a word.

Water can be changed into vapor if (it is ) heated.

When (you are) working ,you must pay attention.

We may try again when (it is ) necessary .

【高考鏈接】We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

解析：答案為B。本題考查狀語從句的省略問題，即根據(jù)本句完整句子應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充為：if （it is） not carefully dealt with，當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在的語言中，已經(jīng)把這種省略形式固定化了即：if not.

2.在限定性定語從句中
作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，可以省略與主句相同的部分；the way后面的定語從句中，可以省略that，in which。

All you ever want to do is going shopping.

Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.

【高考鏈接】—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Yes，there"s one point_____ we must insist on
A．why B．where C．how D．/

答案為D。有一點(diǎn)（point）我們必須要堅(jiān)持的。先行詞point 在定語從句中作賓語。關(guān)系代詞that 省略，故答案為D。

3.賓語從句的省略。如：
Tom has gone home, but I don"t know why (he has gone home).
I heard (that ) he had gone abroad.

【高考鏈接】Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where

解析：答案為B 。 that引導(dǎo)并列的賓語從句，Having前省去that,并列的兩個以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句即使省略第一個that,第二個that 一般不能省。

在并列句中,如果后面的分句,與前面的分句有相同的部分,這一部分則常被省略掉,以免重復(fù)。如:
He teaches English and his brother maths.

We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain.

【高考鏈接】He has made a lot of films,but ____ good ones.
A. any B. some C. few D. many

解析：答案為C。他制作了很多電影，但是好的很少。But 引導(dǎo)的并列句子進(jìn)行了省略but few good ones = but he made few good ones .

So+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語句型。這一結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示相同概念，即前面所說的情況也同樣適用于另一人或物，意思是“同樣”、“也那樣”，常理解為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The boy died and a week later. So did his sister.

I’m an English teacher, so is my wife.

【高考鏈接】－My room gets very cold at night
－ ___________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is

C. So does mine D. So mine does

解析：答案為C。在兩個答句中,當(dāng)兩者(人或物)情況或意思完全相同,第二個分句用so引出時(shí),出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象，還可引起倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示"也……"。本句子的意思：“我的房子晚上很冷”�！拔业囊彩恰�。 So does mine 相當(dāng)于My room gets very cold at night, too.
注意：有時(shí)可用so代替名詞性從句,以避免重復(fù)前面所說的內(nèi)容,可以用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope等.肯定回答結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+動詞+so”,否定回答結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+助動詞否定形式+動詞+so”或“主語+動詞+not”。但動詞為hope, guess時(shí),否定回答只能說hope (guess) not,不能說don‘t hope (guess) so。
－It is sunny today.
－So it is. (=It’s really sunny today.)

【高考鏈接】－Will you be able to finish your respect today?
－ ___ .
A. I like it B. I hope so C. I’ll do so D. I’d love it

解析：答案為B。考查情景對話。句意為“希望如此”。由nor，neither等引導(dǎo)的連續(xù)否定的句子也是一種省略句，這種句子在意思上與前面的句子是相同的，而且主謂用倒裝。例如：
－I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

－Neither would I .我也不去了。

【高考鏈接】If Joe" s wife won" t go to the party, _______.
A. he will either B. neither will he

C. he neither will D. either he will

解析：答案為B。如果Joe的妻子不去舞會的話，Joe也不會去。neither引導(dǎo)的連續(xù)否定的句子也是一種省略句而且主謂用倒裝，這里nither he will 相當(dāng)于he will not go to party , neither 。

1. 在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感觀動詞及使役動詞let ,make ,have 后的"賓語+動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to須省略，但這類結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式要還原加上to。如：
I haven"t told you that my family made a lot of money in the nineteenth century by making children work 16 hours a day in their factories.
The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.

【高考鏈接】－Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?
－Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.
A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing

解析：答案為A。have sb.do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to do 省略to .故本句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是：I’ll have Bob show you to your room.

2. 系動詞（be）+形容詞，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式時(shí)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文表達(dá)相同意思的不定式符號to之后的內(nèi)容，只保留不定式符號，例如：
－Could you go shopping with me?
－I"m glad to (go shopping with you).

【高考鏈接】－I‘ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
　�。�Not at all. ______ .
　　A. I’ve no time B. I‘d rather not

C. I’d like it D. I‘ll be happy to
　

　解析：正確答案是D. to后省略了look after your cat。

3. mean, try, want, would like, would love, afford等后面接不定式時(shí)：
－Did you get a ticket?
－No, I meant to (get one), but there weren"t any left

【高考鏈接】－Why haven’t you bought any butter ?
－I _______ to but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected

解析：這道題的難度較大，因?yàn)?/span>like , wish, expect 和mean 都可以后接動詞不定式作賓語。但是從提供的情景分析，是打算買而沒有買，應(yīng)填meant。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.的意思是“意味著”。這句話的意思是“我本打算去買，但我忘了。”，故答案為C。

4. tell, warn, order, advise, ask等動詞后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)：
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).

【高考鏈接】The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to　　

解析：正確答案是A. to后省略了ride his bicycle in the street.

1. When first __B____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced

2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ___C___ at the meeting by my boss.　A. questioning　　B. having questioned　　 C. questioned　　 D. to be questioned

3. What surprised me was not what he said but __A____ he said it.　A. the way　　 B. in the way that　　

C. in the way　　D. the way which

4. — Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?

　　— ___A___?　　

　　A. What forB. What is it　C. How is it　D. How come

5. I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to ___B___ me.

　　A. have seen　　B. seeing　　C. meet　　D. be met

6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not ___D___?

　　A. ourselves　　B. ours　　C. we　　D. us

7. — Did you visit the museum last week?

　　— No, we ___A___, but we spent too much time shopping.

　　A. could have　　B. could　　C. must have　　D. must